Use of the Right Form of Verbs-Principle Md.Izabul Alam

Use of the Right Form of Verbs

BOU-BANGLADESH ONLINE UNIVERSITY এর পক্ষ থেকে জানাই আন্তরিক শুভেচ্ছা

Md.Izabul Alam-M.A, C.in.Ed. Online Principal,(Return 3 times BCS VIVA) Ex-Principal, Rangpur Modern Pre-Cadet and Kindergarten, Ex-Executive Director, RHASEDO NGO, Ex-Headmaster, Velakopa Govt. Primary School, Palashbari, Gaibandha, Ex-Instructor, Mathematics, URC, Palashbari, Gaibandha, Ex- Sub Inspector (Detective/Intelligence-DGFI), Ex-Executive & In Charge (Recruitment & Training School-Securex), Senior Executive-(Recruitment & Training School-HRD).

( কে কতোটুকু ইংরেজি গ্রামার শিখেছে তা Right Form of Verbs এ গিয়েই প্রমাণ পাওয়া যায়। কারণ এর মধ্যেই আছে Article, Parts of Speech, Tense, Voice, Narration, Degree, Sentence ইত্যাদি শেখার সারমর্ম।প্রিয় শিক্ষার্থীবৃন্দ ভয়ের কিছু নেই নিয়মিত চর্চা করলে সব কিছু আয়ত্বে আসবে ইনশা আল্লাহ।)

Use of the right form of verbs

সাধারন নিয়মঃ

1) বাক্যের subject যদি third person ও singular number হয় তাহলে present indefinite tense এ verb এর সাথে s/es হয় । কিন্তু অন্য কোন Tense এ রকম হয় না । যেমন: সে ভাত খায় - He eats rice. সে নাচে- She dances. মুকুল গান গায়- Mukul sings a song. লক্ষ্য কর: উপরের বাক্য গুলোতে He, She, Mukul subject গুলো third person singular number(একবচন). কিন্তু subject third person হয়েও যদি plural number(বহুবচন) হয় তাহলে verb এর সাথে s/es যুক্ত হয় না । যেমন: তাহারা ভাত খায় - They eat rice. মুকুল এবং মুনির গান গায় - Mukul and Munir sing a song. এখানে subject গুলো হল plural (বহুবচন).

2. Present indefinite Tense এর বাক্যের subject third person ও singular number হলেও বাক্যটি যদি negative হয় তাহলে তাতে does not ব্যবহৃত হয় এবং তখন verb এর সাথে s/es হয় না । যেমন: He goes to school. (affirmative) He does not go to school. (negative) Joly sings a song. (affirmative) Joly does not sing a song. (negative)

3. Past or future Tense হলে verb এর সাথে s/es যুক্ত হয় না । সেক্ষেত্রে সেই Tense এর structure অনুযায়ী verb বসবে ।

4. Modal verb যেমন: can,could,may,might,shall,should,will,would,dare,need,ought to,have to, must এর পরে verb এর সাথে কোন কিছু যোগ না হয়ে verb এর present form বসবে । যেমন: তোমার কাজটি করা উচিত - You should do the work. তাকে অবশ্যই নাচতে হবে - She must dance. মুকুলের যেকোন ভয়াবহ পরিস্থিতি মোকাবেলা করার সাহস আছে - Mukul dare challenge any dire consequence. হাফেজ লোকজনকে হাসাতে পারে - Hafez can make the people laugh.

5. yesterday,ago,last week, last month/year, day before yesterday(গত পরশু দিন) ইত্যাদি word বাক্যে ব্যবহৃত হয়ে যদি কাজটি ঐ সময় হয়েছিল বুঝায় তাহলে verb এর past form ব্যবহত হয় । বাংলা বাক্যটিতে verb এর রুপ present এর মত মনে হলেও ইংরেজীতে verb এর past form ব্যবহার করতে হয় । যেমন: সুজন গতকাল বাড়ী এসেছে – এই বাক্যটি বাংলা অনুযায়ী মনে হবে Present Perfect Tense। সে অনুসারে এর ইংরেজি অনুবাদ হবে- Sujon has come home yesterday।কিন্তু গ্রামারের নিয়মানুসারে শুদ্ধ বাক্য হবে-  Sujon came home yesterday, আমি গত বছর ভারত গিয়েছিলাম - I went India last year.

 6. অনেকক্ষণ ধরে একটি কাজ চলছে এরূপ বুঝাতে for এবং অনেক আগের কোন একটি মুহূর্ত থেকে একটি কাজ চলছে এই অর্থে since ব্যবহৃত হলে তার পূর্ববর্তী verb এর present perfect continuous tense হয় । যদি verb না থেকে কোন Adjective থাকে তাহলে তার পূর্বে have been / has been(present perfect tense) বসে । যেমন: ✘Inc:- He is ill(adjective) for two months.(সে দুই মাস যাবত অসুস্থ) ✔ Cort:-He has been ill for two months. ✘Inc:- ✘Inc:- It is raining for two hours. ✔ Cort:-It has been raining for two hours. ✘Inc:- ✘Inc:- She is reading in this school since 1989. ✔ Cort:-She has been reading in this school since 1989.

7. Since এর দুই পাশে যদি দুটি ছোট বাক্য অথবা clause থাকে তাহলে প্রথম বাক্যটির verb হবে present perfect Tense এর এবং এবং দ্বিতীয় বাক্যটির verb হবে past indefinite. যেমন: ✘Inc:- Ten years passed since he has left the village.(দশ বছর হল সে গ্রাম ছেড়েছে) ✔ Cort:-Ten years have passed since he left the village. ✘Inc:- Two days passed away since he has died ( দুদিন হল সে মরেছে ) Correct: Two days have passed away since he died.

8. Since যখন Adverb হিসাবে বসে ago(আগে) এর মত অর্থ প্রকাশ করে তখন এই since এর আগে একটি Adverb of time বসে এবং verb এর past indefinite Tense হয় । যেমন: ✘Inc:- I have seen my wife long since(ago). (অনেক আগে আমি আমার বউকে দেখেছিলাম) ✔ Cort:-I saw my wife long since(ago) লক্ষ্য কর: এখানে long since এর আগে adverb of time হিসাবে বসেছে ।

9. Before মানে হল "আগে" । এর আগে verb এর past perfect tense(had + verb এর past participle) বসে । আবার after মানে হল "পরে" । এরপরে past perfect tense (had + verb এর past participle) বসে । যেমন: ডাক্তার আসার আগে রোগীটি মারা গেল : The patient had died before the doctor came ডাক্তার আসার পরে রোগীটি মারা গেল : The patient died after the doctor had come

10. বর্তমানে কোন কাজ সম্পন্ন হয়েছে এরুপ অনুমান বুঝালে তখন verb এর future perfect tense (Subject + shall / will + have + verb(past participle) ) । যেমন: সে হয়ত (নিশ্চিত অনুমান) এতক্ষনে বরিশাল পৌছে গেছে - He will have reached barishal by this time. লক্ষ্য কর: এখানে by this time - দ্বারা বর্তমান কাল বুঝাচ্ছে । অথচ verb এর future perfect tense ব্যবহৃত হল । তার মানে এই নয় যে কাজটি future এর, অনুমান প্রকাশ করতে গেলে future perfect tense এরুপে বর্তমানকে বুঝাতে পারে ।

11. Lest দ্বারা দুটি clause যুক্ত হলে পরবর্তী clause এর verb এর আগে should বসে । ঐ verb টির negative রুপ ব্যবহার করা যায় না । যেমন: Run fast lest(পাছে, নইলে) you should miss the train. ✘Inc:- Work hard lest you will fail. ✔ Cort:-Work hard lest you should fail. আবার ✘Inc:- Work hard lest you ুshould not fail. ✔ Cort:-Work hard lest you should fail. লক্ষ্য কর: এখানে long since এর আগে adverb of time হিসাবে বসেছে ।

12. অতীতকালের সম্ভাবনা প্রকাশ করতে (এরকম হ'তে হত বা ঘটত - ইত্যাদি) would have + verb এর past participle ব্যবহৃত হয় । যেমন: If you had not helped me , I would have failed in the examination. তুুমি যদি আমাকে সাহায্য না করতে তাহলে আমি পরীক্ষায় ফেল করতাম ।

13. অতীতকালে কোন কাজ ঘটেছে এরুপ নিশ্চিত অনুমান বুঝাতে must have + verb এর past participle ব্যবহৃত হয় । যেমন: He didn't go to school yesterday , He must have been ill. সে গতকাল স্কুলে যায়নি , নিশ্চয়ই সে অসুস্থ থাকবে ।

14. কোন কামনা (wish, desire) বুঝাতে subject এর আগে may বসে । এমন বাক্যটিকে বলে optative sentence. যেমন: May you be happy - তুমি সুখী হও । May Allah bless you - আল্লাহ তোমার মঙ্গল করুন ।

15. As if, as though দ্বারা দুইটি clause যুক্ত হলে প্রথম clause টির verb present tense এর হলেও পরবর্তী clause টির verb এর past indefinite tense হয় । যেমন: He talks as if he were(was নয়) mad - সে পাগলের মত কথা বলে । He behaves as if he owned the house - সে এমনভাবে কথা বলে যেন সে বাড়িটির মালিক । fb/jobcircular24

16. A). No sooner had +sub+verb(past participle)+ than + Past indefinite tense. B). Scarcely had + sub + verb(past participle) + When + Past indefinite tense. C). Hardly had + sub + verb(past participle) + When + Past indefinite tense. যেমন: আমি স্টেশনে পৌছতে না পৌছতেই ট্রেন ছেড়ে দিল । = No sooner had I reached the station than the train left(past form). = Scarcely had I reached the station when the train left(past form). = Hardly had I reached the station when the train left(past form).

এডভান্স নিয়মঃ

 Rule-1 Subject যদি third person singular number হয় এবং উক্ত বাক্যটি যদি Present indefinite tense হয় তবে verb- এর সহিত s/es যোগ হবে। (a) The boy (go)—to school regularly. ✔ Ans:- The boy goes to school regularly. (b) The boy does not (go)—to school daily. ✔ Ans:- The boy does not go to school daily. (c) The boy generally (go)—to college at 8 a.m. ✔ Ans:- The boy generally goes to college at 8 a.m. Try yourself: (d) Mr. Khan (go)—abroad every month. (e) His father (come)—home every week.

✐ Rule-2 Present indefinite tense-এ Subject third person singular number হওয়া সত্ত্বেও can, must, should এর পরে verb- এর সহিত s/es যোগ হবে না। (a) The man can (do)—the work. ✔ Ans:- The man can do the work. (b) She must (come)—to her office in time. ✔ Ans:- She must come to her office in time. (c) The student should (learn)—his lessons regularly. ✔ Ans:- The student should learn his lessons regularly. Try yourself: (d) He can (walk)—five miles at a time. (e) The girl must not (go)—to college on foot.

✐ Rule-3 Sentence যদি universal truth (চিরন্তন সত্য), Habitual fact (অভ্যাসগত কর্ম) ইত্যাদি বুঝায় তাহলে sentenceটি Present Indefinite Tense হয়। যেমন: (a) The earth (move)—round the sun. ✔ Ans:- The earth moves round the sun. (b) The sun (rise)—the east. ✔ Ans:- The sun rises in the east. (c) The sun (set)—the west. ✔ Ans:- The sun sets in the west. Try yourself: (d) We know that ice (float)—water. (e) The teacher said that the earth (be)—round.

✐ Rule-4 যেসব Sentence-এ কোনো সময়ের উল্লেখ থাকে না এবং মাঝেমধ্যে generally, usually, ordinarily, normally, always, Sometimes, Often, daily, everyday, regularly, ব্যবহ্নত হয় সেগুলো Present Ind. Tense হয়। যেমন: (a) Sabiha (learn)—her lessons regularly. ✔ Ans:- Sabiha learns her lessons regularly. (b) He always (disturb)—the students. ✔ Ans:- He always disturbs the students. (c) A good student (learn)—his lessons regularly. ✔ Ans:- A good student learns his lessons regularly. Try yourself: (d) Rahman very often (come)—me. (e) Does he (read)—the newspaper daily? fb/jobcircular24

✐ Rule-5 Sentence টি Active Voice হলে can, could, may, might, shall, should, will, would, must, need, dare, used to, ought to প্রভৃতি Modal Auxiliary Verb-এর পরে present form হয়। যেমন: (a) The boy can (work out)—the sum. ✔ Ans:- The boy can work out the sum. (b) He could not (eat)—all the mangoes. ✔ Ans:- He could not eat all the mangoes. (c) You must (do)—your duty properly. ✔ Ans:- You must do your duty properly. Try yourself: (d) It may (rain)—today. (e) One should (take)—care of one’s health.

✐ Rule-6 Sentenceটি Passive Voice হলে can, could, may, might, shall, should, will, would, must, need, dare, used to, ought to প্রভৃতি Modal Auxiliary Verb-এর পরে be+ Verb-এর past participle form হয়। যেমন: The work can (do) ....... immediately. ✔ Ans:- The work can be done immediately. All the mangoes could (eat) ......... ✔ Ans:- All the mangoes could be eaten. Your duty must (perform) ......... very soon. ✔ Ans:- Your duty must be performed very soon. Try yourself: It can not (deny) ........ The English book will (buy) ........ tomorrow.

✐ Rule-7 Let, had rather, had better, would better, do not, does not, need not, did not, did never ইত্যাদির পরে Verb-এর present form হয় । যেমন: (a) I let the other boys (use) my skates. ✔ Ans:- I let the other boys use my skates. (b) I had better (go) __ home by this time. ✔ Ans:- I had better go home by this time. I need not (do) __the work. ✔ Ans:- I need not do the work. Try yourself: (d) He did not (go) ....... to college yesterday. (e) He does not (like) ...... student-politics.

✐ Rule-8 Sentence-এ have/has থাকলে Sentenceটি present perfect Tense হবে। যেমন: She has (write)_a letter to her mother. ✔ Ans:- She has written a letter to her mother. I have (have)__my meal. ✔ Ans:- I have had my meal. She had (have)__her letter. ✔ Ans:- She had had her letter. Try yourself: Have you ever (be)__ to the zoo? Colombus has (discover)__America.

✐ Rule-9 Sentence-এ just, just now, already, recently, lately, ever, yet ইত্যাদি থাকলে তা present perfect Tense হয়। (a) Rabeya (take)—her dinner just now. ✔ Ans:- Rabeya has taken her dinner just now. (b) I (see)—him recently. ✔ Ans:- I have seen him recently. (c) He already (reach)—home. ✔ Ans:- He has already reached home. fb/jobcircular24 Try yourself: (d) Have you ever (be)—to the zoo? (e) Have you not (receive)—my letter yet?

✐ Rule-10: Sentence-এ yesterday, ago, long ago, last week, last year, last month, that day, day before yesterday প্রভৃতি অতীত নির্দেশক শব্দ থাকলে তা Past Indefinite Tense হবে । যেমন: (a) The boy (go)—home yesterday. ✔ Ans:- The boy went home yesterday. (b) She did not (go)—to college yesterday. ✔ Ans:- She did not go to college yesterday. (c) Did he (come)—home yesterday? ✔ Ans:- Did he come home yesterday? Try yourself: (d) The man (go)—London last week. (e) He (leave)—home last night.

✐ Rule-11 To- এর পরে Verb- এর present form হয়। যেমন: (a) She went to New Market to (buy)—a dress. ✔ Ans:- She went to New Market to buy a dress. (b) We have come here to (see)—his ailing mother. ✔ Ans:- We have come here to see his ailing mother. (c) The man said to the porter to (carry)—the load. ✔ Ans:- The man said to the porter to carry the load. Try yourself: (d) You need to (go)—there. (e) We have to (realise)—the importance of English.

✐ Rule-12 ‘Since’ বা ‘for’ এর পরে সময় উল্লেখ থাাকলে senteneটি present perfect Continuous Tense হবে। যেমন: (a) It (rain)—for two hours. ✔ Ans:- It has been raining for two hours. (b) It (rain)—since the morning. ✔ Ans:- It has been raining since the morning. (c) We (live)—in Dhaka since 1986. ✔ Ans:- We have been living in Dhaka since 1986. Try yourself: (d) They (live)—Dhaka for 20 years. (e) She (wait)—you for two hours. ✐ Rule-21 If যুক্ত causeটি Present Indefinite tense হলে অপর Clauseটি Future Indefinite Tense হয়; অর্থাৎ [If +Present Indefinite+Future Indefinite] (a) If you walk slowly, you (miss)—the train. ✔ Ans:- If you walk slowly, you will miss the train. (b) If he works hard, he (shine)—in life. ✔ Ans:- If he works hard, he will shine in life. (c) If you run in the rain, you (catch)—cold. ✔ Ans:- If you run in the rain, you will catch cold. Try yourself: (d) I will not go out, if it (rain)—. (e) If he (come)—here, I will go there with him.

✐ Rule-13 with a view to/look forward to এর পরে Verb এর সহিত ing যোগ হয়। (a) I went there with a view to (read)—there. ✔ Ans:- I went there with a view to reading there. (b) I am looking forward to (get)—your reply. ✔ Ans:- I am looking forward to getting your reply. (c) I looked forward to (stand)—first in the class. ✔ Ans:- I looked forward to standing first in the class. Try yourself: (d) They become addicted to (take)—drugs. (e) We went to Cox’s Bazar with a view to (see)—the sea shore.

✐ Rule-14 By-এর পরে Verb এর সহিত ing যোগ হয়। যেমন: (a) He expressed his grief by (say)—that the thief had stolen his watch. ✔ Ans:- He expressed his grief by saying that the thief had stolen his watch. (b) Answer the questions by (write)—one point of information. ✔ Ans:- Answer the questions by writing one point of information. (c) By (dig)—a deeper hole, Jerry planted a tree. ✔ Ans:- By digging a deeper hole, Jerry planted a tree. Try yourself: (d) No student can pass the examination by (adopt)— unfairmeans in the examination. (e) By (be)—conscious of a language one can develop his ‘explicit’ learning.

✐ Rule-15 in/of/for/with/without/before/after প্রভৃতি Peposition- এর পরে Verb এর সহিত ing যোগ হয়। যেমন: (a) I don’t believe in (overload)—my stomach. ✔ Ans:- I don’t believe in overloading my stomach. (b) I had never thought of (go)—there. ✔ Ans:- I had never thought of going there. (c) I could not live without (help)—the poor. ✔ Ans:- I could not live without helping the poor. Try yourself: (d) After (do)—the work I will go out. (e) The porter came here for (do)—the work.

✐ Rule-16 Mind, would you mind, worth, past, can not help, could not help - এর পরে Verb এর সহিত ing যোগ হয়। যেমন: (a) Would you mind (give)—me a pen ? ✔ Ans:- Would you mind giving me a pen ? (b) I can not help (do)—the work. ✔ Ans:- I can not help doing the work. (c) He could not help (help)—the poor. ✔ Ans:- He could not help helping the poor. Try yourself: (d) She never mind (have)—ice cream. (e) He could not help (sell)—his land.

✐ Rule-17 Sentence এর শুরুতে যদি would that থাকে তাহলে subject এর পরে could বসে এবং Verb এর Present form হয়। (a) Would that I (go)—to the moon. ✔ Ans:- Would that I could go to the moon. (b) Would that I (be)—a poet like Nazrul. ✔ Ans:- Would that I could be a poet like Nazrul. (c) Would that I (enter)—into the class-room. ✔ Ans:- Would that I could enter into the class-room. fb/jobcircular24 Try yourself: (d) Would that I (buy)—a latest car. (e) Would that I (see)—our great Prophet (SM).

✐ Rule-18 Sentence এ ‘to be’/having/got থাকলে মূল Verb এর Past participle হয়। (a) The thief ran away having (see)—the policeman. ✔ Ans:- The thief ran away having seen the policeman. (b) The Principal desired the notice to be (hang)—. ✔ Ans:- The Principal desired the notice to be hung. (c) The work is to be (do)—immediately. ✔ Ans:- The work is to be done immediately. Try yourself: (d) I got the letter (write)—by him. (e) Having (do)—his duty he went out.

✐ Rule-19 ব্রাকেটে (be) থাকলে person, number এবং tense অনুযায়ী am/is/are/Was/were/been হবে (a) Allah (be)—everywhere. ✔ Ans:- Allah is everywhere. (b) It (be)—twenty years ago. ✔ Ans:- It was twenty years ago. (c) One of my friends (be)—a good student. ✔ Ans:- One of my friends is/was a good student. Try yourself: (d) The tickets of the journey (be)—very costly. (e) The people of this village (be)—very poor.

✐ Rule-20 বর্তমানে চলছে এমন কোনো কাজ বুঝলে present Continuous Tense হয়। (এসব ক্ষেত্রে সাধারণত Now, at present, at this moment ইত্যাদি ব্যবহার করা হয়)। (a) Now the students (sing)—the national anthem. ✔ Ans:- Now the students are singing the national anthem. (b) The boys (watch)—the television now. ✔ Ans:- The boys are watching the television now. (c) They (enjoy)—a song now. ✔ Ans:- They are enjoying a song now. Try yourself: (d) They (watch)—TV at this moment. (e) The farmer (cultivate)—his land now.

✐ Rule-21 If যুক্ত causeটি Present Indefinite tense হলে অপর Clauseটি Future Indefinite Tense হয়; অর্থাৎ [If +Present Indefinite+Future Indefinite] (a) If you walk slowly, you (miss)—the train. ✔ Ans:- If you walk slowly, you will miss the train. (b) If he works hard, he (shine)—in life. ✔ Ans:- If he works hard, he will shine in life. (c) If you run in the rain, you (catch)—cold. ✔ Ans:- If you run in the rain, you will catch cold. Try yourself: (d) I will not go out, if it (rain)—. (e) If he (come)—here, I will go there with him.

✐ Rule-22 lf/Had যুক্ত clauseটি Past Indefinite Tense হলে অপর clause-এর Subject-এর পরে would/could/might বসে এবং Verb -এর Present Form বসে। যেমন: (a) If he requested me, I (go)— there. ✔ Ans:- If he requested me, I would go there. (b) If I were a rich man, I (help)—the poor. ✔ Ans:- If I were a rich man, I would help the poor. (c) If I were the President, I (remove)—the terrorism. ✔ Ans:- If I were the President, I would remove the terrorism. Try yourself: (d) Had I much money, I (establish)—a college. (e) Had I the wings of a bird, I (fly)—like a bird.

✐ Rule-23 Sentence-এ lf/Had যুক্ত clauseটি Past perfect Tense হলে অপর অংশটিতে Subject-এর পরে অর্থভেদে would have/could have/might have বসে এবং verb-এর past participle হয়। (a) If he had invited, I (go)—. ✔ Ans:- If he had invited, I would have gone. (b) If I had been a rich man, I (help)—the poor. ✔ Ans:- If I had been a rich man, I would have helped the poor. (c) I would have helped him, if he (want)—. ✔ Ans:- I would have helped him, if he had wanted. Try yourself: (d) We would have come, if he (invite)—. (e) If you had stated earlier, you (catch)—the bus.

✐ Rule-24 Sentence-এ wish, fancy, it is time, it is high time ইত্যাদি থাকলে Verb এর Past Tense হয় এবং (be) থাকলেই were হয়। যেমন: (a) I wish I (win)—the first prize in the lottery. ✔ Ans:- I wish I won the first prize in the lottery. (b) I fancy I (fly)—among the stars. ✔ Ans:- I fancy I flew among the stars. (c) It is time you (change)—your bad habit. ✔ Ans:- It is time you changed your bad habit. Try yourself: (d) I wish I (be)—a rich man. (e) It is time we (earn)—our livelihood.

✐ Rule-25 Sentence-এ যদি as if, as though ইত্যাদি থাকে তাহলে বন্ধনীস্থ (be) এর স্থলে were বসে। যেমন: (a) He speaks as if he (be)—the owner of the farm. ✔ Ans:- He speaks as if he were the owner of the farm. (b) The man speaks as though he (be)—a leader. ✔ Ans:- The man speaks as though he were a leader. (c) The man speaks as if he (be)—a landlord. ✔ Ans:- The man speaks as if he were a landlord. Try yourself: (d) The man speaks as though he (be)—a rich man. (e) He speaks as if he (be)—the President of Bangladesh.

✐ Rule-26 Sentence-‰ each, every, everyone, anyone, any, many a, everybody, every thing, anybody, nobody, no one, nothing, anything, something, someone, one of, either, neither ইতাদি থাকলে verb-এর Singular Number হয়। যেমন: (a) Every mother (love)—her child. ✔ Ans:- Every mother loves her child. (b) One of the students (be)—very brilliant. ✔ Ans:- One of the students is/was very brilliant. (c) Each of the boys (be)—present yesterday. ✔ Ans:- Each of the boys was present yesterday. Try yourself: (d) Many a boy (ruin)—his career through laziness. (e) Neither of the two boys (be)—present today.

✐ Rule-27 While-এর ঠিক পরই ব্রাকেটের মধ্যে যে Verb থাকে তার সঙ্গে ing যোগ হয়। কিন্তু While-এর পরে Subject থাকলে While-এর অংশটি Past Continuous Tense হয়। (a) While (walk)—in the garden, a snake bit him. ✔ Ans:- While walking in the garden, a snake bit him. (b) While he (walk)—in the garden, a snake bit him. ✔ Ans:- While he was walking in the garden, a snake bit him. (c) While it (rain)—, I was going to college. ✔ Ans:- While it was raining, I was going to college. Try yourself: (d) While (sleep)—in his room, he dreamt a nice dream. (e) My uncle arrived while she (cook)—the dinner.

✐ Rule-28 একই দৈর্ঘ্য. পরিমাণ বা স্থান বোঝালে Subject দেখতে Plural হলেও verb এর Singular Number হয়। (a) Previously fifty miles (be)—a long way. ✔ Ans:- Previously fifty miles was a long way. (b) Twenty miles (be)—not a great distance now a days. ✔ Ans:- Twenty miles is not a great distance now a days. (c) Sixty cents (be)—was enough for him. ✔ Ans:- Sixty cents is/was was enough for him. Try yourself: (d) Twenty dollars (be)—not sufficient in line. (e) Fifty cents (be)—enough at that time.

✐ Rule-29 Main Clause-এর Verbটি Past Tense-এর হলে এবং পরের অংশে next day, next week, next month, next year ইত্যাদি উল্লেখ থাকলে Subject-পরে would/should বসে এবং Verb –এর Present Form হয়। (a) He said that he (go)........ home the next day. ✔ Ans:- He said that he would go home the next day. (b) He told that he (come) ........here the next year. ✔ Ans:- He told that he would come here the next year. (c) He said that he (buy)...... a new TV the next day. ✔ Ans:- He said that he would buy a new TV the next day. Try yourself: (d) She said that she (sell) ....... her land the next month. (e) The man said that he (go) ........ to London the next day.

✐ Rule-30 fb/jobcircular24 After এর পরে এবং before এর পূর্বের clauseটি past perfect tense হয় এবং অন্য clauseটি past indefinite tense হয়। (a) The doctor (come)__before the patient came. ✔ Ans:- The doctor had come before the patient came. (b) The doctor came after the patient (die)__. ✔ Ans:- The doctor came after the patient had died. (c) The train left ...... they had reached the station. ✔ Ans:- The train left after they had reached the station. Try yourself: (d) The patient had died ...... the doctor came. (e) The train (start) ..... before they reached there.

✐ Rule-31 Sentenceটি Passive voice হলে Tense ও Person অনুযায়ী Auxiliary Verb ও Verb-এর Past participle বসাতে হবে এবং gap-এর পরে Subject থাকলে by বসাতে হবে। (a) English (speak)_all over the world. ✔ Ans:- English is spoken all over the world. (b) English (speak)_ the English. ✔ Ans:- English is spoken by the English. (c) He has (expel)__from the examination hall. ✔ Ans:- He has been expelled from the examination hall. Try yourself: (d) The boys (send)__ to school yesterday. (e) The bird (kill)__on the ship last week. (f) Cricket (play)__all over the world.

✐ Rule-32 কিছু ব্যতিক্রম ছাড়া Principal Clause-এর Verb যদি Past Tense এর হয় তবে Subordinate Clause-এর Verb-ও Past Tense-এ হবে এবং একটি Present হলে অপরটি Present হবে। (a) The man was so ill that he (will) ........... not be able to attend the meeting. ✔ Ans:- The man was so ill that he would not be able to attend the meeting. (b) I knew that he (will not come) ............. to me for his personal purpose. ✔ Ans:- I knew that he would not come to me for his personal purpose.

Important Rules of Right Form of Verb:

✐ RULE 1: Singular Subject = Singular Verb, Plural Subject = Plural verb 🕮 Exam:Shahin is a meritorious student. Vehicles create traffic jam.

✐ RULE 2: Preposition : ( in, at, on, of, for, from, by, with, without, before, after, into, across, about ) + noun or Verb + ing. 🕮 Exam:Television is an important source of entertainment or entertaining. Children are fond of using mobile Phone.

✐ RULE 3: To + Verb1 but (Addicted to, Adverse to, Be used to, With a view to, Look forward to, Get used to, Be accustomed to) + Verb + ing. 🕮 Exam:Shimu went to London to get a good job. Shamim tried to join the Navy . We are looking forward to hearing from you. I went to the Stage with a view to dancing. People of Bangladesh are used to eating by their hands.

✐ RULE 04: I = am , (He, She, It) = is , (We, They, you ) = are 3rd person Singular Sub. = Has; 3rd person Plural Sub. = Have 🕮 Exam: I am Sohan. He is driving a car. We are going home. They have won the game. He has eaten rice.

✐ RULE 5: The + noun or verb + ing + of. The necessity of learning English is indescribable. The using of Mobile is available . A constitution is essential for a nation. He has an Umbrella.

✐ RULE 6: (Can, could, may , might, Shall, should, will, would, must, used to, have to, need, dare, ought to ) + V1 Example: He can do the Sum. It may rain today. Tamim must study tonight.

✐ RULE 7 : While + Verb + ing Example: While walking in the garden, I saw a snake. While sleeping I dreamt a good dream.

✐ RULE 8: (have, has, had, get, got, getting, having ) + V3 or Adjective. 🕮 Exam:She got married yesterday. I had my car cleaned. Having taken the money, the thief ran away. Our Culture is getting westernized.

✐ RULE 9: Passive Voice : (Can be, could be, may be , might be, Shall be, should be, will be, would be, must be, used to be, have to be, ought to be ) + V3 🕮 Exam:The work ought to be done. He will be helped by me.

✐ RULE 10: I = am , (He, She, It) = is , (We, They, you ) = are 3rd person Singular Sub. = Has; 3rd person Plural Sub. = Have 🕮 Exam:I am Sohan. He is driving a car. We are going home. They have won the game. He has eaten rice. fb/jobcircular24

✐ RULE 11: There + is/was/has + Singular Subject. There + are/were/have + plural Sub. 🕮 Exam: There is a Mosque in our village. There are two ponds in our Village.

✐ RULE 12: ( Each, every , one, any) + one or more singular Sub. + Singular Verb. 🕮 Exam:Each boy and each girl was present there. Every boy and girl has been given 100 tk.

✐ RULE 13: (Somebody, Someone) + Singular verb, (some boys, Some toys) + plural verb. 🕮 Exam:Someone has stolen the pen. Some boys have failed in the examination.

✐ RULE 14: (any, none, each, every, either, neither, one) + of + plural Sub. + singular Verb. 🕮 Exam:One of the boys is present there. None of them was present there. Either of them has stolen it. fb/jobcircular24

✐ RULE 15: ( Population, public, crowd, army, congress, committee, team, government, family, pair, dozen, scenery, knowledge, hundred, thousand, furniture, machinery, information, bread, money, advice, poetry, gallows, ethics, mathematics, physics, news, electronics, dynamics, 2/3….dollars, 2/3….miles, ) + singular verb. 🕮 Exam:Ill news runs a pace . Physics is a critical subject.

✐ RULE 16 : (people, spectacles, trousers, scissors, benches, cloths, goods, headquarters, vegetables, laws, police, cattle, folk, circumstances, gentry.) + plural verb. 🕮 Exam:His circumstances are not good. People don’t eat the same food. Vegetables contain vitamin. fb/jobcircular24

✐ RULE 17: (who, whose, whom, which, that) follow only their before subject to choose a verb. 🕮 Exam:It is I who am your friend. It is you who are my friend.

✐ RULE 18: Prefer to + verb + ing 🕮 Exam:Lata prefers to reading newspaper. Joynal prefers to eating betel.

✐ RULE 19: ( Feel, love, hear, like, hate, see, forget, consist, seem, sound, smell, believe, know, wish, doubt, prefer, imagine, fear, taste, astonish, please, understand) they are used in present Indefinite tense not in continuous tense. 🕮 Exam:I see the bird. I hear news. I forget everything.

✐ RULE 20: Distance/money/time + singular verb 🕮 Exam:Thirty miles is a long way. 100 years is a long time. Money begets money.

✐ RULE 21 : Arithmetical Operations ( singular verb) 🕮 Exam:Five plus five is ten. Ten minus five is five. Ten divided by two is five.

✐ RULE 22: (Always, regularly, generally, usually, occasionally, normally, naturally, frequently, everyday, daily, often) = Present Indefinite Tense. 🕮 Exam:Organizations frequently need employees who speak a standard form of English. English usually helps to get good job. He always prays his prayer.

✐ RULE 23: (now, at this/the moment, at present, day by day, increasingly, rapidly.) = Present continuous Tense. 🕮 Exam:Mobile Phone users are increasing day by day. He is eating now.

✐ RULE 24: ( yesterday, one day, ago, once, last, after a few days, last night, once upon a time, in the past, previously.) = Past Indefinite Tense. 🕮 Exam:I received your letter yesterday. One day I borrowed a book from you.

✐ RULE 25: (Just, just now, already, yet, ever, lately, recently, immediately.) = present Perfect Tense. 🕮 Exam:He has transferred from Dhaka recently. We have shifted to safe place immediately.

✐ RULE 26: (mind/worth/without/get used to/got used to/ be used to/past, can’t help, couldn’t help, would you mind) + verb + ing 🕮 Exam:Would you mind having a cup of tea? He can’t help smoking.

✐ RULE 27: Active voice – ( am, is , are, was, were, have been, has been, had been, shall be, will be, shall have been, will have been) + verb + ing 🕮 Exam:Rana is doing the sum. It has been raining since morning.

✐ RULE 28: (ask, decide, demand, forget, happen, hope, learn, manage, neglect, offer, plain, prepare, promise, remember, seem, try , want) + to 🕮 Exam:Shihab neglects to his friend. It seems to me false. We have decided to start a business.

✐ RULE 29: ( had better, had rather, would better, would rather, let, must, need, dare, make, would sooner, had sooner) + verb1 🕮 Exam:He had better read newspaper regularly. I will not let you enter the classroom.

✐ RULE 30: ( It is time, It is high time, wish, fancy) = Past Indefinite 🕮 Exam:I fancy I turned a pale. It is high time we developed our country.

✐ RULE 31: Lest…. Should… 🕮 Exam:Walk fast lest you should miss the train. Read attentively lest you should fail in the exam.

✐ RULE 32 : (if, wish, as if , as though) unreal past = were 🕮 Exam:If I were a doctor, I could treat the poor. I wish I were a king.

✐ RULE 33: If Past Indefinite tense, Sub + would/could/might + verb1 🕮 Exam:If I were a doctor, I could treat the poor. If you came , I would go.

✐ RULE 34: If + Present Indefinite, future Indefinite tense. or Sub. + may/can/shall/will + v1 🕮 Exam:If he runs in the rain, he will catch cold. If it rains, I will not go out.

✐ RULE 35: If + present perfect tense, Sub.+ might have/could have/ would have + verb 3 🕮 Exam:If they had started earlier, they would have reached there in time. If I had seen him, I might have told him the news.

✐ RULE 36: Present Indefinite or Present perfect tense + since + Past Indefinite tense. 🕮 Exam:It is many years since I came to Dhaka. Many years have passed since I had met her.

✐ RULE 37: Past Indefinite tense + since + Past perfect tense. 🕮 Exam:Many years passed since I had seen her last.

✐ RULE 38: Past Perfect + before + past Indefinite. past Indefinite + after + past perfect. 🕮 Exam:The patient had died before the doctor came. The patient died after the doctor had come.

✐ RULE 39: Beginning of the sentence- verb + ing or to + v1 (gerund, infinitive) 🕮 Exam:Rising early is a good habit. Sleeping is necessary to life. To take drugs leads a man to death.

✐ RULE 40: Verb + (how/what/when/which/why) + to 🕮 Exam:He knows what to do. She taught me how to make a cup of tea.

✐ RULE 41: Things = interesting , person = interested 🕮 Exam: History is very interesting subject. I am very much interested to meet him.

✐ RULE 42: Uncountable noun ( water, air, tea, sugar, environment, furniture, kindness, rainfall, reputation, wood, paper, gum, courtesy, earth, bread, oxygen, smoke, Bangla, English.) + singular verb. 🕮 Exam:Air is very important element of the environment. Water plays a vital role in agriculture.

✐ RULE 43: No sooner had….than, Scarcely had…..when, hardly had…before/when. 🕮 Exam:No sooner had he seen the police than he ran away.

✐ RULE 44: If Simple Sentence contains two main verbs , It may be 2nd verb with ing or to + 2nd verb with present form. 🕮 Exam:I saw him going . I am going to open a bank account.

আরো সহজ নিয়মে Rules of Using Right form of Verb

❶ Present form of verb

● (Rule-1.1) Description: সাধারণ ভাবে কোন কিছুর বর্ণনা, কোন তথ্য প্রদান, সংবাদপত্রের রিপোর্ট Present tense এ হয়ে থাকে।

● (Rule-1.2) Universal Truth/habitual fact :

চিরন্তন সত্য ও অভ্যাসগত সত্য বুঝাতে Present Indefinite tense এ হয়ে থাকে।

● (Rule-1.3) Modal Auxiliary: যেমন can, could, may, might, shall, should, will, would, must, need, date, ought to, used to, have to এই Words গুলোকে Modal Auxiliary বলে। Modal Auxiliary এর পর verb এর Present form বসে।-We should (follow) them. (follow)

● (Rule-1.4) Infinitive to / ( to + verb): Verb এর পূবে ‘to’ বসে সাধারণত ‘Infinitive to’ form গঠিত হয়। Infinitive to এর পর verb এর present/base form বসে।

-It is the responsibility of all the literate people to (eradicate ) illiteracy from society. (eradicate)

-Those who make the best use of time are sure to (succeed ). (succeed)

-It is not wise to (neglect ) time. (neglect)

● (Rule-1.5) Do Verb (Do/Does/Did) : Do verb যদি Sentence এ Auxiliary হিসাবে ব্যবহৃত হয় তবে verb এর main form হয়।

-If the people do not (come ) forward they will suffer a lot. (come)

● (Rule-1.6) Third person singular number: Third person singular number এর প
র verb এর Present form সাথে s/es যোগ হয়।

-It is the root cause of ignorance which(frustrate) all development efforts. (frustrates)

-Walking is a good exercise. It (develop ) our body and (refresh ) our mind. (develops) (refreshes)

-If one (walk ) in the early morning. (walks)

-It is a telephone system that (work ) without any wire. (works)

-Bangladesh (face ) unemployment problem. (faces)

(Rule-1.6) Present indicating words: কোন সময়ের উল্লখ থাকেনা এমন Sentence এ যদি always, regularly, sometimes, often, generally, daily, everyday, occasionally, usually, normally ইত্যাদি word থাকে তবে Present Indefinite Tense হয়।

❷ Past form of verb

● (Rule-2.1 ) Past form: সাধারণত story অথবা অতীত কালের কোন ঘটনা বর্ণনা করতে psast tense ব্যবহৃত হয়। 

এ সকল ক্ষেত্রে সম্পূর্ণ passage টি past tense এর হয়।

-The news (Publish ) in the daily newspaper that six districts were under water. (Published)

● (Rule-2.2) past indicating word : sentence এ অতীত নির্দেশক শব্দ বা Phrase যেমন: yesterday, ago, long since, last night ইত্যাদি থাকলে verb এর past form হয়।-He (leave ) home last night. (left)

❸ Present Participle

● (Rule-3.1) Be verb + Verb(ing) Sentence এর Subject যদি Active হয় তবে be verb (be, am, is, are, was, were) এর পরে verb থাকলে verb এর সাথে ing যোগ করতে হয়। এ সকল ক্ষেত্রে sentence টি continuous tense এর হয়ে থাকে।

-They are (work) hand in hand with men in all the development programmes. (working)

-I was (return) home from Dhaka Medical College Hospital. (returning)

● (Rule-3.2) Preposition + Verb (present participle) Verb এর পূবে Preposition (on, at, in, into, up, by, for) থাকলে verb এর present participle form অর্থাৎ verb এর সাথে ing যোগ হয়।

-By (receive) higher education they are becoming pilots. (receiving)

-Government is not capable of (solve) this huge problem single handed. (solving)

-The will have to suffer a lot for not (get) the necessary commodities. (getting)

● (Rule-3.3) Present Participle: একটি simple sentence এ একটি Finite verb বসে,একের অধিক verb বসলে তা Non-finite verb হয়ে থাকে। অনেক ক্ষেত্রে Non-finite verb টি Present Participle হয়।

● (Rule-3.4) Gerund: অনেক verb, noun এবং verb এর কাজ করে। সে ধরনের verb কে gerund বলে। verb এর সাথে ing যোগ হয়ে gerund form গঠিত হয়। gerund অনেক সময় sentence এর প্রথমে বসে subject এর কাজ করে। sentence এর প্রথমে verb বসলে, সাধারণত verb এর সাথে ing যোগ হয়ে gerund হয়ে থকে।

-(use ) a mobile phone is not a luxury today. (using)

● (Rule-3.5) With a view to/ Look forward to: (with a view to, look forward to, cannot help) ইত্যাদি phrase এর পর verb এর সাথে ing যোগ হয়ে verb এর present participle form হয়।

-We have to come forward with a view to(help ) the flood affected people. (helping)

❹ Past Participle form of Verb

● (Rule-4.1) Have/has/had +V (p.p): Verb এর পূবে যদি have/has/had থাকে এবং sentence টির Subject যদি Active হয় তবে have/has/had এর পর verb এর past participle form বসে। এ সকল ক্ষেত্রে

sentence টি perfect tense এর হয়ে থাকে।

-They have come out of the kitchens. (come)

-All the great persons of the world have (make) the best use of time. (made)

-It has (add) a new dimension to our way of life. (added)

-I had (go ) there to see an injured friend. (gone)

Passive Structure:

● (Rule-4.2) be + verb (p.p) (Passive):

Sentence এর Subject যদি verb বা কাজটি করতে অক্ষম হয় অথবা verb টি Subject সম্পাদন করে না বরং অন্য

কেউ করে থাকে, এমন বোঝালে Be verb এর পর verb এর Past participle form ব্যবহার করতে হবে। এ ধরণের sentence সাধারণত Passice voice এর হয়।

-Bangladesh have been (affect ) by flood. (affected)

-Suddenly I was (alarm) to hear sounds of someone’s footsteps. (alarmed)

● (Rule-4.3) Passive Structure : Sentence এর Subject যদি verb বা কাজ টি করতে অক্ষম হয় অথবা verb টি Subject সম্পাদন করে না বরং অন্য কেউ করে থাকে,এমন বোঝালে sentence টি passive voice হবে। এ ধরণের sentence এ Tense এবং Person অনুসারে Passive Structure ব্যবহার করতে হবে।

-The kings (bury) in the open ground. (were

buried)

-These Pyramids (build ) out in the deserts.

(were built)

● (Rule-4.4) Model Auxiliary + be + V(p.p)

Model Auxiliary পর be হল (can be, may be, should be, etc) এবং Subject টি যদি passive হয় তবে verb এর past participle form হয়।

-No development effort can be (succeed)

unless illiteracy is removed. (succeeded)

-Walking should be (form ) as a habit.

(formed)

● (Rule-4.4) Present perfect tense: কোন কাজ সম্পন্ন হয়েছে কিন্তু তার ফল এখনো বিদ্যমান, এমন বোঝালে

Sentence টি Present Perfect Tense এর হয় [have/has + Verb (past participle)]

❺ Be verb:

● (Rule-5.1) Be as a main verb: Sentence এ যদি কোন main verb না থাকে তবে be verb কে main verb হিসাবে ব্যবহার করতে হবে। Sentence এ be verb এর ব্যবহার করার পূবে Tense এবং Subject এর Number, Person ইত্যাদি দেখে be verb এর form টি ব্যবহার করতে হবে।

-They (be ) no longer confined within the

four walls of their parents’ and husbands’ home. (are)

-Exercise (be ) beneficial to health. (is)

-There (be ) even a single person on the street. (was not)

❻ Have Verb

● (Rule-6.1) Have as a main verb: আছে অর্থ বুঝাতে Have verb কে main verb হিসাবে ব্যবহার করা হয়। এরকম ক্ষেত্রে Tense এবং person অনুসারে have/has/had বসে।

-Obviously, mobile telecommunication (have) become a part of modern life. (has)

❼ Do Verb

● (Rule-7.1) Do/does/did + not :(negative) Sentence টি তে যদি কোন Auxiliary verb ও Model verb না থাকে, এরকম ক্ষেত্রে Sentence টিকে negative করার প্রয়োজন হলে Tense এবং person অনুসারে do/does/did বসিয়ে not বসাতে হয়। এ রকম ক্ষেত্রে main verb টির Present/base form বসাতে হয়।

-Time (wait) for anybody. (does not wait)

-I did (get ) any transport. (not get)

● Do Verb as a main verb:

● Do/does/did (Interrogative) Model Auxiliar

আরো সহজভাবে

1. Sentence যদি Present indefinite tense হয় এবং Subject যদি Third Person singular number হয়,তবে verb-এর সঙ্গে s/es যুক্ত হয়। যেমন:

# She (write) a letter.

Ans.: She writes a letter.

# The baby (cry).

Ans.: The baby cries.

2. Before দ্বারা দুটি Past tense যুক্ত থাকলে before-এর আগের অংশে Past perfect tense এবং পরের অংশ Past indefinite tense হয়। যেমন:

We (reach) our school before the bell rang.

Ans.: We had reached our school before the bell rang.

The patient had died before the doctor (come).

Ans.: The patient had died before the doctor came.

,3. After দ্বারা দুটি Past tense যুক্ত থাকলে এর আগের অংশ Past indefinite tense এবং পরের অংশ Past perfect tense হয়। যেমন:

They arrived the station after the train (leave).

Ans.: They arrived the station after the train had left.

The patient (die) after the doctor had come.

Ans.: The patient died after the doctor had come.

4. No sooner had ............. than, Scarcely had .......... when, Hardly had .......... when—প্রথম অংশ Past perfect tense অনুযায়ী হয়, অর্থাৎ verb-এর Past participle form হবে। দ্বিতীয় অংশ Past

indefinite tense অনুযায়ী হয়, অর্থাৎ verb-এর Past form হয়। যেমন:

 No sooner had the bell (ring) than the teacher(enter) the classroom.

Ans.: No sooner had the bell rung than the teacher entered the classroom.

Scarcely had he (arrive) at the bus stand when the bus (leave).

Ans.: Scarcely had he arrived at the bus stand when the bus left.

Hardly had the snatcher (take) the chain when he (run) away.

Ans.: Hardly had the snatcher taken the chain when he ran away.

5. সাধারণত since দ্বারা দুটি clause যুক্ত থাকলে এবং since-এর আগের অংশ Present indefinite/ Present perfect tense হলে পরের অংশ Past indefinite tense হয়। যেমন:

It is many years since he (give) up smoking.

Ans.: It is many years since he gave up smoking.

Five years have passed since he (leave) the house.

Ans.: Five years have passed since he left the house.

6. আবার since দ্বারা clause যুক্ত থাকলে এবং since-এর আগে clause বা বাক্যের অংশ Past indefinite tense হলে পরের অংশ verb -এর Past perfect tense হয়। যেমন:

Many years passed since I (meet) him last.

Ans.: Many years passed since I had met him last.

It was many years since I (visit) there.

Ans.: It was many years since I had visited there.

7. Passive voice-এ সর্বদা verb-এর past participle form হয়। যেমন: This work was (do) by him.

Ans.: This work was done by him.

The problem has been (solve) by him.

Ans.: The problem has been solved by him.

The school was (close) for sine die.

Ans.: The school was closed for sine die.

8. Simple sentence-এ দুটি verb থাকলে দ্বিতীয় verb-এর সঙ্গে ing যোগ হয় অথবা দ্বিতীয় verbটির আগে to বসে। যেমন:

He saw the boy (play) in the field.

Ans.: He saw the boy playing in the field.

I heard him (speak).

Ans.: I heard him speaking.

He helps me (make) the house.

Ans.: He helps me making the house.

9. Note : দ্বিতীয় verbটি যদি উদ্দেশ্য বোঝাতে ব্যবহূত হয় তবে দ্বিতীয় verb-এর আগে to বসে। যেমন:

 I went to the library (read) newspaper.

Ans.: I went to the library to read newspaper.

He repaired the boat (sell) it.

Ans.: He repaired the boat to sell it.

10. Modal auxiliary verb যেমন : can, could, may, might, should, would, ought to, used to,

must ইত্যাদি থাকলে মূল verb-এর present form হয়। যেমন:

He can (do) it easily. Ans.: He can do it easily.

Everybody should (respect) his parents.

Ans.: Everybody should respect his parents.

It may (rain) today. Ans.: It may rain today.

11. সাধারণত sentence যদি ভবিষ্যৎ নির্দেশক শব্দ বা phrase যেমন: tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, in future, next ইত্যাদি থাকলে future indefinite tense হবে এবং verb-এর present form

বসে। যেমন: I (go) to Dhaka tomorrow.

Ans.: I shall go to Dhaka tomorrow.

He (join) there the next day.

Ans.: He will join there the next day.

12. Sentence-এর subject singular number হলে verb singular হয় এবং subject plural হলে verb

plural number হয়।

যেমন: The taste of the mangoes (to be) sour.

Ans.: The taste of the mangoes is sour.

The flowers of the garden (to be) beautiful.

Ans.: The flowers of the garden are beautiful.

These papers (to be) printed.

Ans.: These papers are printed.

13. মূল verb-এর আগে to be বা having থাকলে verb-এর past participle form হয়। যেমন:

 A community centre is going to be (establish).

Ans.: A community centre is going to be established.

I do not mind (have) a cup of coffee.

Ans.: I do not mind having a cup of coffee.

He went home (have) his salary.

Ans.: He went home having his salary.

14. সাধারণত It is time, it is high time, wishইত্যাদির পরে subject ও bracket-এ মূল verb থাকলে verb-এর past form হয়।

যেমন: It is time you (finish) a course on English language.

Ans.: It is time you finished a course on English language.

I wish I (sing). Ans.: I wish I sang.

আবার, It is time, it is high time-এর পর যদি bracket-এ মূল verb থাকে, তবে ওই verb-এর আগে to বসবে এবং ওই verb অপরিবর্তিত থাকবে।

যেমন: It is time (play). Ans.: It is time to play.

It is high time (stand) by the flood-affected people.

Ans.: It is high time to stand by the flood- affected people.

15. As if, as though, wish ইত্যাদি থাকলে subject-এর পরে be verb-এর পরিবর্তে were বসে। যেমন:

He behaves as if he (be) a leader.

Ans.: He behaves as if he were a leader.

I wish I (be) a millionaire.

Ans.: I wish I were a millionaire.

16. As if, as though দ্বারা দুটি clause যুক্ত থাকলে প্রথম clauseটি Present tense হলে পরবর্তী clauseটি Past indefinite হয়। প্রথম clauseটি Past tense হলে পরের clauseটি Past perfect tense হয়। যেমন:

He behaves as if he (buy) the car.

Ans.: He behaves as if he bought the car.

He spoke as though he (do) a great task.

Ans.: He spoke as though he had done a great task.

17. While যুক্ত sentence-এ while-এর পরে verb থাকলে verb-এর সঙ্গে ing যোগ হয়। আবার while-এর পরে subject থাকলে Past continuous tense হয়। যেমন:

While (take) dinner, he received the phone. Ans.: While taking dinner, he received the phone. While I (play) in the field, I saw him coming.

Ans.: While I was playing in the field, I saw, him coming.

18. Lest দ্বারা দুটি clause যুক্ত থাকলে lest-এর পরবর্তী subject-এর সঙ্গে auxiliary verb‘should’/‘might’ বসে। যেমন:

Read attentively lest you (fail) in the examination.

Ans.: Read attentively lest you should fail in the examination.

Walk fast lest you (be) late in your class.

Ans.: Walk fast lest you might be late in your class.

19. Would that দ্বারা sentence শুরু হলে subject-এর পরে could বসে এবং মূল verb-এর Present form হয়।যেমন:

 Would that I (be) a bird!

Ans.: Would that I could be a bird!

Would that I (visit) Cox’s Bazar .

Ans.: Would that I could visit Cox’s Bazar.

20. সাধারণত each, one of, every, either, neitherইত্যাদি দ্বারা কোনো subject গঠিত হলে সেটি third person singular number হয়। তাই এদের পরের verbটিও singular number হয়। যেমন:

Each boy (come) here. Ans.: Each boy comes here.

Everybody (wish) to be happy.

 Ans.:, Everybody wishes to be happy.

21. Adjective-এর আগে the বসলে subjectটি plural হয় এবং তদনুযায়ী verb বসে।

যেমন: The virtuous (to be) blessed.

Ans.: The virtuous are blessed.

The poor (live) from hand to mouth.

Ans.: The poor live from hand to mouth.

22. Titles, names, phrase of measurement দেখতে plural হলেও singular verb হয়।

যেমন: Thirty miles (to be) a long way.

Ans.: Thirty miles is a long way.

Star Wars (to be) an excellent movie.

Ans.: Star Wars is an excellent movie.

Eight hours (to be) a long time to work.

Ans.: Eight hours is a long time to work.

23. কোনো sentence ‘It’ দ্বারা শুরু হলে পরবর্তী verb singular হয়।

যেমন: It (to be) difficult to do.

Ans.: It is difficult to do.

It (to be) you who have done this.

Ans.: It is you who have done this.

24. কোনো sentence যদি introductory there দ্বারা শুরু হয় এবং তারপর singular number থাকে, there-এর singular verb হয়। আর যদি there-এর পরে plural number থাকে তবে plural verb হয়।

যেমন: There (to be) a big river beside our village.

Ans.: There was a big river beside our village.

There (to be) a lot of work left for us.

Ans.: There were a lot of work left for us.

25. Let, had better, had rather, would better, would rather ইত্যাদি থাকলে form বসে।

যেমন: I would rather die than (beg) .

Ans.: I would rather die than beg.

Would you let me (go) there?

Ans.: Would you let me go there?

26. If যুক্ত clause-এর প্রথম অংশ Present indefinite tense হলে পরের অংশ Future indefinite হয়, অর্থাৎ structureটি হয় ‘If + Present+ Future’.

যেমন: If you work hard, you (prosper) in life.

Ans.: If you work hard, you will prosper in life.

If he reads more he (pass) in the examination.

Ans.: If he reads more, he will pass in the examination.

27. If-যুক্ত clause-এর প্রথম অংশ Indefinite tense হলে পরের অংশে subject-এর পরে would/could/ might বসে এবং verb-এর Present form হয়। অর্থাৎ, structureটি হয় ‘If + Past indefinite’—

(Su bject + would/could/might + verb-এর Present form)।

যেমন: If he agreed, I (give) the money.

Ans.: If he agreed, I would give the money.

If you studied, you (get) a good result.

Ans.: If you studied, you would get a good result.

If they tried, they (succeed).

Ans.: If they tried, they would succeed.

28. If-যুক্ত clause-এর প্রথম অংশ Past perfect tense হলে পরের অংশে subject-এর পরে would have/could have/might have বসে এবং verb-এর Past participle form হয়।

যেমন: If you had finished it sincerely, you (get) a profit.

Ans.: If you had finished it sincerely, you would have got a profit.

If I had possessed vast wealth, I (help) the poor people.

Ans.: If I had possessed vast wealth, I would have helped the poor people.

29. To ব্যাতিত preposition-এর পরের verb-এর সঙ্গে ing যুক্ত হয়।

যেমন: He is now engaged in (read).

Ans.: He is now engaged in reading.

One can gather knowledge by (travel).

Ans.: One can gather knowledge by traveling.

30. Can not help, could not help, look forward to, with a view to, get used to, mind ইত্যাদির

পরে verb-এর সঙ্গে ing যুক্ত হয়।যেমন:

 He came to Dhaka with a view to(find) a job.

Ans.: He came to Dhaka with a view to finding a job.

I cannot help (laugh).

Ans.: I cannot help laughing.

31. কোনো sentence-এর শুরুতে subject-এর স্থানে verb থাকলে verb-এর সঙ্গে ing যোগ হয়।

যেমন: (To swim) is a good exercise.

Ans.: Swimming is a good exercise.

(To speak) is an art.

Ans.: Speaking is an art.

32. If-যুক্ত clause-এর প্রথমটিতে subject-এরপর were থাকলে দ্বিতীয় অংশে subject-এর পরে would/could/ might বসে এবং verb-এর Present from বসে। আবার, would have/could have/would have-ও বসতে পারে। সেক্ষেত্রে verb-এর Past participle form বসে।

যেমন: If I were an artist, I (draw) a nice picture.

Ans: If I were a artist, I would draw a nice picture.

If I were a billionaire, I (establish) a hospital for the poor.

Ans.: If I were a billionaire, I would establish a hospital for the poor.

33. Had-এর পরে subject এবং verb-এর Past participle থাকলে পরবর্তী clause-এর subject-এর পরে would have/could have/might have+ verb-এর Past participle form বসে।

যেমন: Had I been a teacher, I (talk) the real story to my students.

Ans.: Had I been a teacher, I would have, talked the real story to my students.

34. Verb ‘to be’-বিহীন sentence-কে negative বা interrogative করতে হলে tense ও subject-এর number ও person অনুসারে do, does, did ব্যবহার করতে হবে।

যেমন: We not (play) Ha-du-du.

Ans.: We do not play Ha-du-du.

She not (play) football.

Ans.: She does not play football.

35. সাধারণত preposition—on, in of, for, from, by,

after at, beyond, upon, against, with, without,

before ইত্যাদি—এর পরে verb-এর সঙ্গে ing যোগ হয়।

Rina is busy in (do) her homework.

Ans.: Rina is busy in doing her homework.

Keep on (try) hard.

Ans.: Keep on trying hard.

36. Interrogative sentence যদি who, what, why, which, when, where, whose, how ইত্যাদি question word দ্বারা শুরু হয়, তাহলে subject-এর আগে tense ও person অনুযায়ী auxiliary verb ব্যবহার করতে হবে।

Why he (look) so happy?

Ans.: Why does he look so happy?

When father (come)?

Ans.: When will father come?

37. সাধারণত নিচে লিখিত verb-গুলোর পরে gerund বসে। যেমন: admit, enjoy, report, appreciate, finish, recent, avoid, mind, resist, miss, resume, consider, postpone, risk, delay, practice, suggest, escape, imagine, save, recall, prevent, propose, stop, deny, quit ইত্যাদি।

We enjoy (watch) TV.

Ans.: We enjoy watching TV.

I have finished (writing).

Ans.: I have finished writing.

একটা বিষয় মনে রাখতে হবে, Are, Were, Have হলো Plural Verb বা বহু বচন আর  Am, Is, Has, Was হলো Singular Verb বা এক বচন। এখন Subject যদি একবচন হয় তাহলে Subject অনুসারে Am, Is, Has, Was বসবে আর Subject যদি বহুবচন হয় তাহলে Subject অনুসারে Are, Were, Have বসবে।তবে ব্যতিক্রম হলো I এর পরে Am আর You এর পরে  Are, Were, Have বসবে।Subject I ও We এর পরে Shall বাকি সব Subject এর পরে Will বসবে ।    

                                    
                                      (উপকৃত হলে দোয়া করতে ভুলবেন না। 

Md.Izabul Alam, Online Principal , Gulshan- Dhaka, Bangladesh.
01716508708, izabulalam@gmail.com

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